Ultrasound examination equipment is indispensable in veterinary clinical diagnosis, and diagnostic instruments for abdominal diseases in dogs and cats play an important role in screening. However, for beginners, mastering abdominal ultrasound scanning technology may be challenging. This article will introduce how to quickly get started with abdominal ultrasound scanning in dogs and cats to help veterinarians or related practitioners improve their operating skills.
1. Be Familiar with Ultrasound Equipment and Basic Settings
Before starting the scan, you need to understand the basic functions of the ultrasound machine:
Probe selection: A high-frequency linear array probe is usually used for abdominal scans of dogs and cats, which is suitable for superficial organs; for large dogs or deep structures (such as the posterior lobe of the liver), you can switch to a low-frequency convex array probe.
Gain and depth adjustment: Adjust the gain to make the image clear and avoid excessive enhancement or attenuation of echoes; the depth setting should ensure that the target organ is fully displayed.
Preset mode: Select the “Small Animal Abdomen” mode to optimize the imaging effect.
- Instrument Selection
HF-K10 full digital B mode ultrasound scanner
*Powerful diagnostic software & data management software 5.8GHzRFID connection with external wireless monitor for display under real time, facilitate information sharing and remote consultation.
* Wifi connection with Phone/Pad and PC ultrasound working station to get image & data transfer & management easily.
* OB record : detailed record the diagnosis results.
* Diagnosis List: record diagnosis quantity, easy for batch management.
*Compact design makes diagnosis more convenient.
* Large capacity built-in Li battery.
*6.5MHz micro-convex probe and 6.5MHz mult-frequency linear rectal probe two optional
- Standard Scanning Position and Preparation
Usually, the patient is in the supine position with the limbs fixed, the abdomen shaved and a coupling agent applied to reduce artifacts. For animals that are nervous or in pain, the patient can be scanned in the lateral position. Most dogs and cats can be examined with gentle restraint, but sedation should be considered for cases of severe struggle or pain.
- Positioning and Scanning Techniques of Key Organs
(1) Liver
Location: Behind the xiphoid process, scan along the costal arch.
Technique: First make a longitudinal cut to observe the liver edge, then make a transverse cut to evaluate the echogenicity of the liver lobe, paying attention to the portal vein and gallbladder.
(2) Spleen
Location: Left ventral side, homogeneous high echo structure.
Technique: Trace from the greater curvature of the stomach to the anterior pole of the left kidney, paying attention to whether there is enlargement or nodules.
(3) Kidney
Location: The right kidney of a dog is anterior (T13-L1), and the left kidney is posterior (L2-L4); the kidney of a cat is closer to the lumbar spine.
Technique: Make a longitudinal cut to observe the cortical-medullary boundary and measure the size (the length of a cat kidney is about 3-4.5 cm, and the size of a dog kidney varies according to the breed).
(4) Bladder and urinary system
Location: Anterior pubic area, easier to observe when filled.
Technique: Assess the thickness of the bladder wall (normal <2 mm) and the presence of stones and sediments in the cavity.
(5) Gastrointestinal tract
Location: The stomach is located behind the left lobe of the liver. The intestines need to be divided into the duodenum (fixed position) and the jejunum (free).
Techniques: Observe the intestinal wall layers (normal thickness is <4 mm for dogs and <3 mm for cats), and pay attention to the presence of fluid accumulation or obstruction.
Mastering abdominal ultrasound scanning for dogs and cats requires a combination of theory and practice. By standardizing operations, becoming familiar with anatomical structures, and accumulating experience, veterinarians can quickly improve diagnostic efficiency and provide a reliable basis for clinical decision-making.
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